It comes from the ancient Greek σαρκάζω (sarkazo) meaning 'to tear flesh' but the ancient Greek word for the rhetorical concept of taunting was instead χλευασμός (chleyasmόs). Sarcasm appears several times in the Old Testament In Christianity, the Old Testament refers to the books that form the first of the two-part Christian Biblical canon. These works correspond to the Hebrew Bible , with some variations and additions. In the Eastern Orthodox Church the comparable texts are known as the Septuagint, from the original Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures. In the, for example:
Lo, you see the man is mad; why then have you brought him to me? Do I lack madmen, that you have brought this fellow to play the madman in my presence?
—Achish, king of Gath, I Sam 21:10-15[2]
Hostile, critical comments may be expressed in an ironic way such as saying "don't work too hard" to a lazy worker. The use of irony introduces an element of humour which may make the criticism seem more polite and less aggressive but understanding the subtlety of this usage requires second-order interpretation of the speaker's intentions. This sophisticated understanding is lacking in people with brain damage, dementia Dementia is a non-specific illness syndrome in which affected areas of cognition may be memory, attention, language, and problem solving. It is normally required to be present for at least 6 months to be diagnosed; cognitive dysfunction which has been seen only over shorter times, particularly less than weeks, must be termed delirium. In all types and autism Autism is a brain development disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. These signs all begin before a child is three years old. Autism affects many parts of the brain; how this occurs is not understood. The autism spectrum disorders also include the related conditions,[3] and this perception has been located by MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging , or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), is primarily a medical imaging technique most commonly used in radiology to visualize the internal structure and function of the body. MRI provides much greater contrast between the different soft tissues of the body than computed tomography (CT) does, making it especially in the right parahippocampal gyrus The parahippocampal gyrus is a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus. This region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval. The anterior part of the gyrus includes the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices. The term parahippocampal cortex is used to refer to an area that encompasses both the posterior.[4][5]
Sarcasm mark
In certain Ethiopic languages Ethiopian Semitic is a language group, which together with Old South Arabian, forms the Western branch of the South Semitic languages. Today, the name Ethiopian can be considered a misnomer, as the North languages are also found in Eritrea, with two of them being exclusively used there; however, the term came into use before Eritrea had separated, sarcasm is indicated with a sarcasm mark It comes from the ancient Greek σαρκάζω meaning 'to tear flesh' but the ancient Greek word for the rhetorical concept of taunting was instead χλευασμός (chleyasmόs). Sarcasm appears several times in the Old Testament, for example:, a character that looks like a backwards question mark The question mark , also known as an interrogation point, question point, query, or eroteme, is a punctuation mark that replaces the period at the end of an interrogative sentence. It can also be used mid-sentence to mark a merely interrogative phrase, where it functions similarly to a comma, such as in the single sentence "Where shall we go? at the end of a sentence, similar to Alcanter de Brahm's proposed irony mark The irony mark or irony point (French: point d’ironie; also called a snark or zing) is a proposed punctuation mark that was suggested to be used to indicate that a sentence should be understood at a second level. It is illustrated by a small, elevated, backward-facing question mark. The irony mark has never been used widely. It appears (؟). Subtitles, such as in Teletext Teletext is a television information retrieval service developed in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s. It offers a range of text-based information, typically including national, international and sporting news, weather and TV schedules. Subtitle (or closed captioning) information is also transmitted in the teletext signal, typically on page 888, sometimes use an exclamation mark in brackets to mark sarcasm: (!).
It is common in online conversation to use a pseudo-XML XML is a general-purpose specification for creating custom markup languages. It is classified as an extensible language, because it allows the user to define the mark-up elements element: <sarcasm>Yeah, that's really going to work.</sarcasm>[6] A "rolling eyes" emoticon An emoticon is a textual portrayal of a writer's mood or facial expression. They are often used to alert a responder to the tenor or temper of a statement, and can change and improve interpretation of plain text. The word is a portmanteau of the English words emotion and icon. In web forums, instant messengers and online games, text emoticons are is often used as well, particularly in instant messaging Instant messaging is a form of real-time communication between two or more people based on typed text. The text is conveyed via devices connected over a network such as the Internet.
Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, communist and revolutionary credited as the founder of communism uses the exclamation mark in brackets repeatedly throughout Das Kapital Das Kapital: Kritik der politischen Ökonomie (Capital, in the English translation) is an extensive treatise on political economy written in German by Karl Marx and edited in part by Friedrich Engels. The book is a critical analysis of capitalism. Its first volume was published in 1867 Volume 1. For example, in one instance, to ridicule Colonel Torrens: 'The problem is in no way simplified if extraneous matters are smuggled in, as with Colonel Torrens: "effectual demand consists in the power and inclination [!], on the part of the consumers, to give for commodities, either by immediate or circuitous barter..."'.[7]
Temherte Slaq, is the name for a mark used in the Ethiopic language to indicate an unreal phrase, and is used to express sarcasm. [8]
References
- ^ a b Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 2008, http://www.oed.com, "A sharp, bitter, or cutting expression or remark; a bitter gibe or taunt."
- ^ Leland Ryken, Jim Wilhoit, James C. Wilhoit, Tremper Longman, Colin Duriez, Douglas Penney, Daniel G. Reid (1998), Dictionary of Biblical Imagery, pp. 409, ISBN 9780830814510, http://books.google.com/books?id=qjEYEjVVEosC
- ^ S. G. Shamay-Tsoory, R. Tomer, J. Aharon-Peretz (2005), "The Neuroanatomical Basis of Understanding Sarcasm and Its Relationship to Social Cognition", Neuropsychology: 288–300, doi The Digital Object Identifier System is a managed system for persistent identification of content-related entities on digital networks. These entities may be content items (digital files, physical objects, abstract works), or any related entities in a content transaction (e.g. licenses, parties, etc.). "DOI" is sometimes used to mean the:10.1037/0894-4105.19.3.288, http://www.apa.org/journals/releases/neu193288.pdf
- ^ Dan Hurley (June 3, 2008), The Science of Sarcasm (Not That You Care), New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/03/health/research/03sarc.html?em&ex=1213848000&en=79518c9f61e51946&ei=5087%0A
- ^ J.W.Slap (1966), "On Sarcasm", The Psychoanalytic Quarterly 35: 98-107, http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=paq.035.0098a
- ^ "HTML 5 Specification section 8.2.5.10 The "in body" insertion mode". W3C. http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#parsing-main-inbody.
- ^ Marx, Karl (1976). Capital Volume I. Penguin Classics. p. 264. ISBN 0-140-44568-4.
- ^ "A Roadmap to the Extension of the Ethiopic Writing System Standard Under Unicode and ISO-10646". 15th International Unicode Conference. 1999. 6. http://yacob.org/papers/DanielYacob-IUC15.pdf.
External links
Categories: Humor Categories: Human skills | Entertainment | Communication of falsehoods | Figures of speech | Rhetoric Categories: Humanities | Linguistics | Narratology | Debating | Critical thinking | Irony
365px x 450px | 67.40kB
[source page]
Servin Up Sarcasm Since 1980 It was Mark s birthday today We met up Romano s Macaroni Grill and had a splendid time with crayons telling childhood stories and messin with a very entertaining waiter It was nice
